![]() racemosa has a previously unreported unique chloroplast genome structure caused by IR contraction, important evidence supporting its recognition as an independent species. Kim, Adenophora remotiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq., and Adenophora stricta Miq. racemosa, an endemic of Korea, and compared the sequence to those of four published congeneric chloroplast genomes, i.e., those from Adenophora divaricata, Adenophora erecta S.T. In this study, therefore, we reported the complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic position of many Adenophora species are currently ambiguous. racemosa were not clear because it exhibited unresolved paraphyly with related taxa. In relatively recent molecular phylogenetic studies, however, the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic position of A. pulcher by an urceolate corolla reminiscent of that of lily of the valley ( Convallaria keiskei Miq.). divaricata in that the inflorescence is a panicle, and it is distinguished from A. owing to morphological characteristics such as four-leaf verticillation, regular teeth on the leaf margins, and a pale green colour of the adaxial surface of the leaf basin. & Sav., Adenophora tyosenensis Nakai ex T.H. This species is considered closely related to Adenophora divaricata Franch. Lee, discussed in this study, is endemic to Korea and was first described by Lee and Lee after collection from Mt. Īmong Adenophora species, Adenophora racemosa J. This genus is commonly called “Adenophora Radix” and is an important plant resource used as an herbal medicine. 50–100 species that are distributed in temperate regions in Eurasia. The genus Adenophora, which belongs to Campanulaceae, is a perennial herbaceous plant genus with ca. Therefore, it is expected that the difference in chloroplast genome structure among Adenophora species may be used as important information to solve the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic positions of various species that are currently unclear. Although many studies have been carried out on the genus Adenophora, its accurate phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic position are not clear. Among the Campanulaceae, Adenophora species in particular have very different chloroplast genome structures due to many rearrangements. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2017R1A6A3A11029236).Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Īmong the angiosperms, Campanulaceae are known to have the chloroplast genomes with the most structural changes, along with Geraniaceae and Fabaceae. Received: JanuAccepted: MaPublished: March 18, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Kim, Cheon. PLoS ONE 16(3):Įditor: Tzen-Yuh Chiang, National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN ![]() stricta).Ĭitation: Kim K-A, Cheon K-S (2021) Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Adenophora racemosa (Campanulaceae): Comparative analysis with congeneric species. Remotiflorae and in six regions between two species ( A. Nucleotide diversity (Pi) >0.05 was found in eleven regions among the three Adenophora species not included in sect. stricta, but the structure of the SSC and IRs was unique due to IR contraction. The gene order and contents of the LSC region of A. racemosa is more closely related to Adenophora stricta than to Adenophora divaricata. A Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on 76 protein-coding genes divided the five Adenophora species into two clades, showing that A. In total, 112 unique genes (78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs) were identified. The chloroplast genome was reconstructed using de novo assembly of paired-end reads generated by the Illumina MiSeq platform. racemosa and compare it with published chloroplast genomes of congeneric species. The goal of this study was to assemble and annotate the chloroplast genome of A. Adenophora racemosa, belonging to the Campanulaceae, is an important species because it is endemic to Korea. ![]()
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